Rabu, 23 Juli 2014

Problems and Solutions in Speaking

a.      Problems with Speaking Activities
Ur (1996: 121) says that students get problem when they were speak in second language. The problems that may arise are:
i)        Inhibitions
Unlike reading, listening, and writing activities, speaking requires some degrees of real time exposure to an audience. Learners are often inhibited about trying to say things in foreign language in the classroom, worried about making mistakes, fearful or critics or losing face, or simply shy of the attention that their speech attracts.
ii)      Nothing to Say
Even if they are not inhibited, you hear learners complain that they cannot think of anything to say, they have no motive to express themselves beyond the guilty feeling that they should be speaking.
iii)    Low or Uneven Participation
Only one participant can talk at the time if he or she is to be heard and in a large group this means that each one will have little talking only, this problem is compounded by the tendency of some learners to dominate, while others speak very little or not at all.
iv)    Mother Tongue Use
In classes where all, or a number of the learners share the same mother tongue, they may tend to use it because it is easier and it feels unnatural to speak to one another in foreign language. If they talk in small groups, it can be quite difficult to get some classes particularly the less disciplined or motivated ones to keep to the second language.

b.      The Solution of The Problem
Ur (1996: 121) says that there are four solutions can help the teacher to solve the problems. They are:
i)        Use group work
Some learners get difficult to speak when they have to speak individually. It is because they are not confident and speechless. But for the beginner, group work will be very useful. It will stimulate another t speak even sometimes they still use the native language.
ii)      Use the easy language
In general, the level of language needed for a discussion should be lower and use an easy language; it should be easily recalled and produced by the participants, so they can speak fluently.
iii)    Make the topic interesting
The teacher should make interesting topic. So, the students ca be motivated to follow the lesson.
iv)    Give some instruction in discussion skills
If the task is based on group discussion, tell the learners to make sure that everyone in the group contributes to the discussion, appoint a chairperson to each group who will regulate participation.
v)      Keep students speaking in the target language
It is impossible that the students do not use the target language. So, the teacher might appoint one of the groups as monitor. It can remind students to use the target language.

Source :
Ur, Penny, 1996 . A Course in Language Teaching . London : Cambridge University Press

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